Cardiovascular disease

Moderate

The association is important, but readers should not equate periodontal treatment with proven cardiovascular-event prevention.

RELATIONSHIP

Consistent epidemiologic association with periodontal disease

CAUSALITY

Shared risk factors and inflammatory pathways complicate causal inference

INTERVENTION

Evidence that periodontal treatment prevents cardiovascular events is not established

ECONOMICS

Emerging

SOURCE SET

This index is editorial analysis, not clinical guidance. Ratings will change as higher-quality evidence becomes available.